Propositions which can help to avoid some difficulties in cultural analysis:

1. We must separate out the domain of pure, self-referential aesthetic judgment from the broader social or political context in which such judgment is made.
2. It may be possible to find consensual agreements in particular cases which are interesting in their own right (when people agree for the "wrong" reason which depends on their social context)
3. We must accept that cultural value is a multiple and shifting thing, which cannot be comprehended within a single domain.
4. Measurement may not be possible in cultural sphere.

Describing an artwork as a range of cultural characteristics:

• Aesthetic value (beauty, harmony, form…)
• Spiritual value (in formal religious context)
• Social value (work produce a sense of connection with others…)
• Historical value (how it reflects the history)
• Symbolic value (artwork as repositories and conveyors of meaning, everyone can "read" work in its own way)
• Authenticity value (the work is real, original and unique)

Valuating Methods

• Mapping
• Thick description
• Attitudinal analysis
• Content analysis
• Expert appraisal

Why it may not be possible to identify cultural value via individuals' willingness to pay:

1. People may not have sufficient information about product
2. Some cultural objects are not differentiate as best or worse. They are different.
3. Individual could rank objects in a certain way in cultural terms, but rank them differently in terms of willingness to pay.
4. Group can influence to preferences.