The Association For the Study of Songun Politics UK presents this special webpage to mark the 60th anniversary of the liberation of Korea by the great leader General Kim Il Sung.
Korea was liberated from the iron heel of Japanese imperialism on August 15 1945 as a result of the 15 year long armed struggle led by General Kim Il Sung.
The President crossed the Amnok River flowing on the northern tip of the country when he was 13, firmly determined not to return until Korea became independent.
In October Juche 15 (1926) he formed the Down-with-Imperialism union whose immediate task was to defeat Japanese imperialism and achieve the liberation of the country. And he created the first party organization--the society for rallying comrades--and the Korean Revolutionary Army, the first armed organization of Korean communists, in July Juche 19 (1930) and made preparations for an anti-Japanese armed struggle.
He advanced a strategic and tactical policy on waging an armed struggle against the Japanese imperialists in the winter of 1931 and founded the Anti-Japanese People's Guerrilla Army (AJPGA) on April 25, Juche 21 (1932).This was a Songun partisan force and a Juche orientated revolutionary peoples armed force.
Then, he put forward the policy to expand and develop the anti-Japanese armed struggle to the homeland in March Juche 22 (1933) and took a measure to reorganize the AJPGA into the Korean people's revolutionary army in march Juche 23 (1934).
He advanced a correct political line and scientific strategic and tactical policies in the whole period of the anti-Japanese struggle, thus dealing a fatal political and military blow to the Japanese aggressors.
He founded the association for the restoration of the fatherland in May Juche 25 (1936) and further expanded and developed the anti-Japanese united national front movement, bringing about a new advance in the Korean revolution as a whole.
And he put forward the policy to let a large unit advance into the homeland in March Juche 26 (1937). The Pochonbo battle and the operation to advance into the Musan area commanded by him brought the people the dawn of the country's liberation.
Then he briskly conducted military and political activities relying on the northeastern parts of Mt. Paektu.
He wisely led the struggle to actively meet the great event of national liberation in the first half of the 1940s.
He firmly built up the internal force of the Korean revolution and established the brilliant revolutionary traditions to be always carried forward and developed by the workers' party and people of Korea in the course of leading the arduous anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle to victory for 20 years.
“If you leave Mt. Paektu and come to see us. General, the Japanese will kill more Korean people, while you’re away. Don’t come to see me; please stay on the mountain all the time.”
“You’re a good girl. I’ll not leave the mountain just as you say and will avenge the enemy for the murder of your parents.”…
I believed that her wish for me not to leave Mt. Paektu reflected the wishes and desires of all Koreans.
“General,” the little girl said after a while, “I’ve heard Mt. Paektu is too high for children like me to climb. So I’m following Uncle Ung Man to the Soviet Union, rather than Mt. Paektu, so they say.” the wishes and desires of all Koreans.
From Volume IV, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The Mt. Paektu as the most suited site for expansion of guerrilla warfare
Mt. Paektu was an impregnable natural fortress, so to speak, for its terrain features were so favourable to defence, that even one single man could repel 1,000 attackers.
No base was more suited to the expansion of guerrilla warfare than the mountain. Yun Kwan1 of Koryo and Kim Jong So2 of the Ri dynasty had fulfilled their heavy duty of national defence and pioneering of the frontier, by basing themselves on that mountain area. On that mountain General Nam I3 also conceived the high aim of pacifying the country, inscribing his idea in a poetic form on a pumice rock.
Mt. Paektu also provided an ideal fortress for the Korean People’s Revolutionary Army. The establishment of a new base in this mountain by the revolutionary army to step up its advance to the homeland did not mean that we were abandoning the Manchurian theatre of operation, which had been pioneered with great difficulty. We planned to fight, moving freely around Korea and China from the base in this mountain.
We attached special importance to the mountain as a natural fortress for military action and also as our moral background.
Mt. Paektu, soaring majestically as if the ancestor of this land, is the symbol of Korea and cradle of the 5,000-year-long history of her nation.
The spiritual effect of this mountain on Koreans can be illustrated by the inscription, “Monument to the Dragon God of Heavenly Lake, Guarding Mt. Paektu”, on a rock at the foot of the Janggun Peak, on the shore of Lake Chon. At the beginning of the 20th century, when the people were feeling apprehensive about the survival of the nation, the monument was erected by the religionists, connected with Taejong faith and Chonbul faith. As the inscription indicates, the people who erected the monument prayed to the Dragon God for the lasting security of the nation….
The mountain, which soared higher and higher in our minds as we grew up, became the symbol of our struggle for national liberation as well as that of Korea.
Our belief that we could only muster all the forces of the nation for resistance and ensure an ultimate victory of the struggle by entrenching ourselves in Mt. Paektu, was derived from our experience of the anti-Japanese revolutionary struggle during the first half of the 1930s as a natural conclusion drawn from the summary of the struggle….
Our southward march through the rugged terrain almost coincided with the arrival in Seoul of General Minami of the Japanese army, appointed the seventh Governor-General of Korea….
The coincidence between his appearance in Seoul and the advance of the Korean People’s Revolutionary Army to Paektu mountain area had a subtle psychological effect on me…
In the world of robbers everything turns topsy-turvy.
The uninvited guest, Minami, strode into Seoul in broad daylight like a master, whereas we, the masters, had to steal our way to the homeland through an untrodden forest. What a deplorable situation!
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
General’s strategic intention to expand the guerrilla base
We intended to expand the guerrilla base, centring on the secret camp on Mt. Paektu, to the wide area of Changbai, and then deep into the homeland along Paekmu, Kaema Plateaus and Rangrim Mountains, and then spread the flames of armed struggle from the northern region to the middle and southern regions of Korea, while at the same time expanding and developing the Party organizations, as well as the united front movement and pushing ahead with preparations for nationwide resistance.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
Mt. Paektu as the strategic centre of the revolution
“If I died a shameful death of an enslaved nation, it would make no difference where I should die. But I wanted to live and die at the foot of Mt. Paektu. My teacher at the village school, who taught me A Thousand Chinese Characters, used to say that the Koreans should live with Mt. Paektu in their embrace and die with it as their pillow. His words were, indeed, a maxim, which should be inscribed on a monument,” the old man said….
My talk with the old man reaffirmed my belief that Mt. Paektu offered strong moral support for our people. I keenly felt that I was absolutely right to make Mt. Paektu into the strategic centre of the revolution.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
Mt. Paektu was the important operational base
The secret camp on Mt. Paektu was not only a strategic centre and heart of the Korean revolution; it was also an important operational base, a base of activity,and logistic base….
Many secret bases soon fanned out from this very secret camp to different places in the northern and middle regions of Korea.
Satellite secret camps in Korea and China were part of the network of the secret camp on Mt. Paektu.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The symbolic meaning of Mt. Paektu
Mt. Paektu was my “home” during my prime of youth. That “home” contained a large number of my messmates, an incomparably larger number than my family at my childhood home. They stayed with me in that “home”, worked in the rain and snow of Mt. Paektu, and dreamed of today’s homeland….
With the progress of history the symbolic meaning of Mt. Paektu has grown richer. The mountain began to acquire a new meaning in the latter half of the 1930s on top of its original symbolic meaning.
The “lava” of the revolution to liberate the country, which erupted from the extinct volcano on Mt. Paektu, attracted the attention of 20 million Korean compatriots. Song Yong, a writer who had inspected the places swept by the flames of the anti-Japanese revolution, entitled his travelogue, “Mt. Paektu Is Visible from Anywhere.” As the title indicates, Mt. Paektu has become an active volcano of national liberation, a sacred mountain of revolution, visible from anywhere, since the time when we entrenched ourselves in that mountain.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
Mt. Paektu was an important strategic vantage point
We did not believe that Mt. Paektu was a gateway to the sky, as our forefathers had done. Instead, we regarded it as a gateway to the homeland, a bridgehead to meet our compatriots there. Mt. Paektu was an important strategic vantage point, where the boundaries among west Jiandao, the homeland and north Jiandao, converged.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The revolutionary wind of Mt. Paektu
Thanks to their remarkable activities, the “wind of Mt. Paektu” seized the people in the homeland inexorably: their influence ensured they had a correct understanding of the KPRA. Many people came to Mt. Paektu to join the KPRA.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The revolutionary spirit of Paektu
The conviction of sure victory, an unbreakable fighting spirit, the revolutionary spirit of self-reliance and fortitude, devotion and self-sacrificin spirit—these qualities are now called in our country the “revolutionary spirit of Paektu”.
We emerged victorious in every battle with the enemy at all times and in all places, because we were full of confidence in victory, and maintained an indefatigable fighting and self-sacrificing spirit without losing our composure and hope, even in confrontation with an enemy force, which was dozens of times stronger in number.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The General’s heroic soldiers of Mt. Paektu
Although he had preserved his life by amputating his foot for the revolution, he laid down his life without hesitation for his comrades. Such people lived on Mt. Paektu and fought there….
He made desperate efforts to survive. Living alone for three months and 20 days on the mountain, which was no better than an isolated island, without any food and clothes, he miraculously preserved his life. Like him, Pak Sun Il, Ri Kye Sun and all the other comrades-in-arms were undying men, who had cherished spirits as high as the peaks of Paektu, even when sacrificing their lives.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The meaning of the valuable victory of Mt. Paektu
I do not think that the battles we fought in Changbai are world-breaking, great battles. In the world history of war, there are a great number of well-publicized campaigns and decisive battles, which led to thousands, tens of thousands and even hundreds of thousands of casualties. Our operations involved only hundreds of our troops, while the enemy’s casualties numbered only hundreds or thousands.
However, we look back on these battles with great pride. We treasure the spirit of the revolutionary army displayed in the arduous struggle. The willpower of the people’s revolutionary army overpowered the enemy. It is a law that victory is inevitably won when a man overpowers the enemy mentally.
From Volume V, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
The liberation of Korea was the sum total of the anti-Japanese armed struggle
As Mt. Paektu, an ancestral mountain, commands all the mountains in Korea, so the anti-Japanese armed struggle we started and developed in the forests of Mt. Paektu formed the mainstream of our people’s struggle for national liberation and social progress.
The liberation of Korea was the sum total of the anti-Japanese armed struggle
spanning 20 years and at the same time the conclusion of the heroic nationwide
resistance the broad anti-Japanese patriotic forces at home and abroad carried out
for many decades at the cost of sweat and blood, and with great sacrifices.
From Volume VIII, Kim Il Sung’s Reminiscences
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